System Design Concepts
System Design Concepts
Networking
TCP/UDP, DNS, HTTP, reverse proxy, load balancing, CDN, WebSockets, and API protocols
Storage & DatabasesIndexes, RDBMS internals, SQL vs NoSQL, Redis, Cassandra, S3, caching, and full-text search
ScalingDatabase sharding — hash, range, directory strategies and cross-shard operations
ReplicationLeader-based replication, read replicas, replication lag, and consistency models
Distributed SystemsCAP, PACELC, consistency models, idempotency, distributed locking, leader election, gossip, and quorum
Consensus & CoordinationTwo-Phase Commit, Raft consensus, log replication, and safety guarantees