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      • Design Patterns
        • Creational Patterns
          • Singleton Pattern
        • Structural Patterns
          • Adapter Pattern
          • Composite Pattern
          • Decorator Pattern
          • Facade Pattern
          • Proxy Pattern
        • Behavioral Patterns
          • Observer Pattern
          • Chain Of Responsibility
          • Command
          • Iterator
          • Mediator
          • Memento
          • State
          • Strategy
          • Template
          • Visitor
      • System Design Concepts
        • CAP Theorem
        • Database Replication
          • Master Slave Replication
          • Consistency Models
          • Replication Lag
          • Replication Implementations
          • Read Replicas & Replication Lag
        • Database Clustering
        • Multi Leader Replication
        • Distributed Systems
          • CAP Theorem
          • PACELC
          • Consistency Models
          • Idempotency & Exactly-Once Semantics
          • Distributed Locking
          • Leader Election
          • Gossip Protocol
          • Quorum Reads & Writes
          • Saga Pattern
          • Outbox Pattern
          • Logical Clocks
          • Multi-Region Design & Geo-Replication
        • Consensus & Coordination
          • Two-Phase Commit (2PC)
          • Raft Consensus
        • Networking
          • TCP vs UDP
          • DNS
          • Reverse Proxy vs Forward Proxy
          • HTTP/1.1
          • Load Balancing
          • HTTP/2
          • HTTP/3 and QUIC
          • HTTP Evolution
          • HTTP Status Codes
          • HTTP Headers
          • CDN
          • WebSockets vs Long Polling vs SSE
          • REST vs gRPC vs GraphQL
        • Storage & Databases
          • Database Indexes
          • B+ Tree
          • LSM Trees
          • Columnar Storage
          • Hash Index
          • RDBMS Internals
          • SQL vs NoSQL Decision Framework
          • Key-Value Stores (Redis)
          • Wide-Column Stores (Cassandra)
          • Document Stores (MongoDB)
          • Object Storage (S3)
          • Time-Series Databases
          • Consistent Hashing
          • Bloom Filters & HyperLogLog
          • Caching Patterns
          • Cache Eviction
          • Hot-Key / Hotspot Problems
          • Full-Text Search
        • Scaling
          • Database Sharding
      • Graph Theory
        • Dijkstra's Algorithm
        • Problems
          • Cycle in Directed Graphs
        • Search
          • Breadth First Search
          • Depth First Search
        • Topological Sorting
        • Travelling Salesman Problem
      • Low-Level-Designs
        • Logger Framework
        • Blocking Queue
        • Distributed Unique ID Generator
        • Meeting Scheduler
        • Search Framework
      • Machine-Learnings
        • _index
          • gradient-descent
      • System-Designs
        • Ad Click Event Aggregation
          • Digital Advertising Terminology
          • High Level Design
          • Ingestion Deep Dive
          • Streaming Deep Dive
          • Storage Deep Dive
        • Real-time Leaderboard System
          • High Level Design
          • Deep Dive
      • CAP Theorem
      • Database Replication
        • Master Slave Replication
        • Consistency Models
        • Replication Lag
        • Replication Implementations
        • Read Replicas & Replication Lag
      • Database Clustering
      • Multi Leader Replication
      • Distributed Systems
        • CAP Theorem
        • PACELC
        • Consistency Models
        • Idempotency & Exactly-Once Semantics
        • Distributed Locking
        • Leader Election
        • Gossip Protocol
        • Quorum Reads & Writes
        • Saga Pattern
        • Outbox Pattern
        • Logical Clocks
        • Multi-Region Design & Geo-Replication
      • Consensus & Coordination
        • Two-Phase Commit (2PC)
        • Raft Consensus
      • Networking
        • TCP vs UDP
        • DNS
        • Reverse Proxy vs Forward Proxy
        • HTTP/1.1
        • Load Balancing
        • HTTP/2
        • HTTP/3 and QUIC
        • HTTP Evolution
        • HTTP Status Codes
        • HTTP Headers
        • CDN
        • WebSockets vs Long Polling vs SSE
        • REST vs gRPC vs GraphQL
      • Storage & Databases
        • Database Indexes
        • B+ Tree
        • LSM Trees
        • Columnar Storage
        • Hash Index
        • RDBMS Internals
        • SQL vs NoSQL Decision Framework
        • Key-Value Stores (Redis)
        • Wide-Column Stores (Cassandra)
        • Document Stores (MongoDB)
        • Object Storage (S3)
        • Time-Series Databases
        • Consistent Hashing
        • Bloom Filters & HyperLogLog
        • Caching Patterns
        • Cache Eviction
        • Hot-Key / Hotspot Problems
        • Full-Text Search
      • Scaling
        • Database Sharding
      System Design Concepts
      Networking

      Networking

      TCP vs UDP
      Handshake, flow control, congestion control, TIME_WAIT, SYN flood, and why QUIC chose UDP
      DNS
      Resolution chain, record types, TTL, GeoDNS, load balancing, failover, and security
      HTTP/1.1
      Message structure, keep-alive, pipelining, and HOL blocking
      HTTP/2
      Binary framing, multiplexing, HPACK, and server push
      HTTP/3 and QUIC
      QUIC streams, 0-RTT, connection migration, and QPACK
      HTTP Evolution
      Protocol comparison, practical implications by client type, and CDN/proxy termination
      HTTP Headers
      Request, response, security, and caching headers
      HTTP Status Codes
      Complete reference for 1xx–5xx status codes
      Reverse Proxy vs Forward Proxy
      TLS termination, connection pooling, request buffering, circuit breaking, and header management
      Load Balancing
      L4 vs L7, algorithms (round-robin to P2C), health checks, sticky sessions, and global routing
      CDN
      Edge caching, pull vs push, cache invalidation, origin shield, and video streaming
      WebSockets vs Long Polling vs SSE
      Protocol comparison, scaling stateful connections, and when to use each
      REST vs gRPC vs GraphQL
      Wire format, streaming patterns, caching tradeoffs, and decision guide